Understanding Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention Tips

What is HMPV? 

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that can lead to Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI), often resembling a typical cold. Just like the flu, HMPV thrives during the winter and early spring months. While the illness is usually mild, lasting about 2-5 days, it can be more severe in certain vulnerable populations, particularly young children and the elderly.

HMPV is a seasonal virus, typically active during the colder months of the year. It affects the upper respiratory tract, causing typical cold symptoms such as a cough, sore throat, and runny nose.

The infection resolves on its own for most people, without the need for medical intervention. However, in young children under 12 and adults over 65, HMPV can cause more severe symptoms, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Here’s a closer look at HMPV, its symptoms, diagnosis, and how to stay safe.

Suggested read: Ways to Avoid Breathing Issues During Winter

Common Symptoms of HMPV

The primary symptoms of an HMPV infection are like those of a common cold:

• Cough 
• Runny nose 
• Sore throat 
• Fever 

While these symptoms are typically mild and get resolved within a few days, the infection can progress to more severe respiratory conditions in certain individuals, particularly young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

Severe Symptoms of HMPV to Watch Out for

In certain cases, HMPV can lead to more severe respiratory problems. These include: 

• Wheezing 
• Asthmatic flare-ups 
• Severe cough 
• Secondary Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) 
• Bronchiolitis or Bronchitis 
• Pneumonia 

If you experience any of these severe symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly. 

When Should You See a Doctor? 

While most cases of HMPV are self-limiting, there are situations when medical intervention is necessary. You should consult a doctor if you, your child, or your elders experience: 

• Severe breathlessness 
• Wheezing 
• Asthmatic symptoms 
• Severe, persistent cough 

These could be signs that the infection is progressing to a more serious condition, such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, and require professional treatment. 

Diagnosis of HMPV 

While there is no test specifically for HMPV, doctors may use a variety of tests to confirm an HMPV infection, including: 

• PCR Test: This molecular test detects the virus’s genetic material
• Chest X-ray or CT Chest: These imaging tests can help identify complications such as pneumonia or bronchitis 
• Nasal Swab/Throat Swab: These samples can be tested for the presence of the virus
• Bronchoscopy: In severe cases, a bronchoscopy may be necessary to examine the airways and collect samples 

Treatment Options for HMPV

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV, so the focus is on managing symptoms and supporting recovery. Common treatments include:

• Pain relievers (e.g., paracetamol) to reduce fever and discomfort 
• Decongestants to relieve nasal congestion 
• Temporary inhalers to ease breathing difficulties 
• Oral steroids in severe cases to reduce inflammation 

For most patients, the illness typically resolves within a few days with rest and proper care. However, it’s always recommended to consult a doctor for guidance, especially if symptoms worsen or persist. 

Prevention Tips for HMPV

• Wash your hands regularly, especially after coughing or sneezing 
• Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing 
• Wear a mask in crowded places to reduce the spread of the virus 
• Use a hand sanitiser when soap and water are not available, especially after touching surfaces in public spaces 
• Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or drinking glasses 
• People with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD, asthma, or pulmonary fibrosis should take extra precautions, ensuring they receive appropriate vaccinations and follow medical advice
  

Here’s what our Good Doctors team has to say

Conclusion 

While HMPV is typically a mild illness, it can lead to more serious respiratory conditions, especially in vulnerable populations. Recognising the symptoms early, seeking medical care when necessary, and practicing good hygiene are key to managing and preventing the spread of this virus. By following these steps, you can help protect yourself and others from the potential complications of HMPV. 

Disclaimer:  

Good Doctors team provides an assistance service for smooth hospitalisation and settlement of claims, post-sale of the product/ service. Please note that this service or offering is not in the nature of any kind of insurance consultancy, claims consultancy, or any other insurance-related services.