What is Influenza: Symptoms, Risks, Prevention & Treatment of Flu in India

Flu, (short for influenza), is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. The flu is caused by a virus. Influenza viruses are different from the “stomach flu” viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting.  

Although the flu is generally self-limiting and resolves on its own, complications such as pneumonia can arise, especially in high-risk groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, children, and people with weakened immune systems. 

With changing weather patterns, flu outbreaks can occur throughout the year. It is essential to be vigilant and proactive, particularly when the weather is unpredictable, leading to fluctuating temperatures and humidity levels.

When and Why Does the Flu Season Occur?

Influenza in India mostly occurs seasonally with changes in weather, and the onset of monsoons. The humidity and cool temperatures during the monsoons create an ideal breeding ground for the flu virus, making it easier for the virus to spread. Additionally, during this season, people tend to stay indoors more often, which can increase the transmission of the virus. Crowded public spaces, like trains, buses, and offices, further contribute to the spread. However, the flu is not just confined to the monsoon months.

Symptoms of the flu such as a sore throat and a runny or stuffy nose are common. These symptoms generally occur with other illnesses such as a cold. Colds, however, tend to start slowly, whereas the flu tends to come on quickly, within two to three days after encountering the virus. While a cold can be miserable, you usually feel much worse with the flu.

Other common flu symptoms include: 

• Fever 

• Cough 

• Headache 

• Muscle aches 

• Feeling very tired 

• Sweating and chills 

 In children, these symptoms may show up more generally as being fussy or irritable. Children also are more likely than adults to have ear pain, feel sick in the stomach, vomit or have diarrhea with the flu. In some cases, people have eye pain, watery eyes or find that light hurts their eyes. 

Flu Risks and Causes Across Different Seasons

The risk of contracting the flu can vary depending on the season, climate, and other environmental factors. Understanding how flu risks change with each season can help you take appropriate precautions and avoid getting sick. Let’s break down the risk and causes of flu across different seasons in India.

Monsoon Season (June – September)

1. High Humidity and Dampness

The excessive moisture in the air during the monsoon facilitates the spread of the influenza virus. Damp environments, especially in poorly ventilated areas, increase the likelihood of viral particles staying in the air for longer periods.

2. Increased Crowding Indoors

HIMS maintains comprehensive electronic health records (EHRs) for OPD patients, including medical history, test results, prescriptions, and treatment plans.

3. Weakening of the Immune System

The stress of sudden temperature changes and high humidity can weaken the immune system, making it easier for infections like the flu to take hold. 

Winter Season (December – February) 

1. Lower Temperatures

2. Dry Air

3. Increased Indoor Activity

Just like the monsoon season, winter prompts people to stay indoors, especially during evenings and nights, which leads to easier transmission of the virus.

Suggested read: Winter Wellness Tips: Stay Healthy and Energised Through the Cold

Why Flu Risk is Affected by Seasonality

The flu virus’s ability to spread is largely influenced by environmental factors. Some of the key reasons flu risk spikes during certain seasons include:

1. Temperature and Humidity

As mentioned earlier, cooler and more humid conditions are more conducive to the survival of the flu virus. This is why outbreaks tend to occur in seasons with cooler weather, like the monsoon and winter months.

2. Indoor Crowding

3. Immune System Vulnerability

4. Cross-Border Travel and Crowded Events

The flu virus is also more likely to spread when people travel, attend large gatherings, or go on holidays, which often coincide with the change in seasons. The increase in travel can bring the flu to new areas and exacerbate seasonal outbreaks.

Also read: HMPV Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention Tips

How to Avoid the Flu

1. Follow Basic Guidelines

• Get Vaccinated: Helps protect you and others from serious illnesses by boosting immunity. 

• Wear a Mask in Crowded Places: Reduces the spread of respiratory droplets and protects from airborne viruses. 

• Carry a Hand Sanitiser: Convenient for maintaining hand hygiene when soap and water aren’t available. 

2. Practice Proper Hygiene 

• Handwashing: Regular washing with soap and water prevents the spread of germs and viruses. 

• Cover Your Mouth and Nose: Prevents the spread of germs when coughing or sneezing. 

• Avoid Touching Your Face: Minimises the risk of transferring germs to mucous membranes.

3. Maintain a Healthy Diet

• Vitamin C-rich Foods: Boosts immunity and helps fight off infections. 

• Garlic and Ginger: Known for their anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties. 

• Yoghurt and Probiotics: Supports gut health and strengthens the immune system.

4. Fortify Yourself 

• Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration helps maintain bodily functions and supports immune health. 

• Regular Exercise: Keeps the immune system strong and promotes overall health 

• Adequate Sleep: Essential for immune function and maintaining energy levels.

5. Boost Your Immunity Naturally

• Tulsi (Holy Basil): Known for its antiviral properties 

• Turmeric: Has powerful anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties 

• Ashwagandha: Helps manage stress and boosts immunity 

While these tips generally apply to all, listening to your own body and knowing exactly what you need to keep yourself in optimal health is vital. Regular health monitoring becomes quite important to aid with this. Health Check-ups and Lab Tests are available to all Onsuriity members at exclusive discounts. These can be booked and completed right in the comfort of your home. 

When to Seek Medical Attention

In most cases, flu symptoms can be managed at home with rest, hydration, and self-care. However, if you experience severe symptoms like high fever that doesn’t subside, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or confusion, seek medical help immediately. People at high risk of complications, including young children, elderly individuals, and those with pre-existing conditions, should consult a doctor if flu symptoms appear. 

Emergency symptoms among adults, which require medical attention can include: 

• Trouble breathing or shortness of breath 

• Chest pain or pressure 

• Ongoing dizziness 

• Hard to wake up or confusion 

• Dehydration 

• Seizures 

• Worsening of existing medical conditions 

• Severe weakness or muscle pain 

Emergency symptoms in children include all the symptoms seen in adults, as well as: 

• Fast breathing or ribs that pull in with each breath 

• Gray or blue lips or nail beds 

• No tears when crying and a dry mouth, along with not needing to urinate 

• Symptoms, such as fever or cough, that get better but then come back or get worse 

 All Onsurity members can utilise free teleconsultations with Specialist Doctors including General Physicians to reach out for expert help – anytime, anywhere – on the Onsurity Super App 

Conclusion

Flu season in India can be managed by taking preventive measures, and you can greatly reduce your risk of falling ill. Vaccination, good hygiene practices, a healthy lifestyle, and natural immunity boosters all play a role in protecting your health. By staying informed and being proactive, you can ensure that you and your loved ones stay healthy throughout flu season.

Remember that your immune system is your first line of defense. Taking steps to nurture and protect it now can help you avoid the flu and enjoy a healthier, more energetic season.